Authors: Maja Berden Zrimec, Eleonora Sforza, Leonardo Pattaro, Davide Carecci, Elena Ficara, Antonio Idà, Narcís Ferrer-Ledo, Stefano Canziani, Silvio Mangini, Borut Lazar, Sophia Papadaki, Giorgos Markou, Ioannis Tzovenis, Robert Reinhardt

This chapter presents challenges and possible solutions to ensure high-grade Spirulina production, covering cultivation techniques from low-technology open systems to high-end closed photobioreactors. A bioprocess engineering approach based on thermal modeling is presented as an approach to optimize cultivation in greenhouse systems, with a case study from Italian Spirulina production illustrating European regulatory challenges. The chapter concludes with an extensive regulatory framework for successful large-scale algal production.

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