Shape
OUTCOMES

Expected Outcomes

CRONUS unique contribution to topic expected outcomes

01

Increase bioenergy efficiency and sustainability

Increase sustainable biomass resource utilization

02
03

Generate negative emissions from biofuel production

To calculate the outcomes of CRONUS, the following methodology was employed: calculation of (a) CO2 emissions and (b) carbon capture and utilisation to initial feedstock ratio as sustainability indices, (c) bioenergy efficiency (both in terms of energy and feedstock) and (d) biomass resource utilisation.

Indicator Equation Reference values and assumptions
CO2 emissions (S/I) kg CO2 emissions
kg biofuel produced
C captured/ utilised (CC) kg C captured
kg initial feedstock
Bioenergy efficiency 1 (%BE1) Energy content of produced biofuels
Energy input in the whole system
Methane=55MJ/kg=15,27kWh/kg
Ethanol=25MJ/kg=6,94kWh/kg
Biodiesel=37,65MJ/kg=10,46Kwh/kg
H2=120-142MJ/kg=36kWh/kg
Input energy: any kind of energy electricity, biomass, heat
Bioenergy efficiency 2 (%BE2) Energy content of produced biofuels
Energy content of initial feedstock
LHV wet manure = 1,87kWh/kg
LHV food waste=5,42kWh/kg (d.b.)
Biomass resource utilization (%BR) kg products
kg initial feedstock
Products are considered both energy products (biofuels) and material products (e.g. digestate)